A systematic method for studying documents. Topic: Particular methodology for systematizing documents. Lesson type combined
Methodology of systematization– these are the rules, techniques and principles of systematization that every specialist carrying out this process must master. Vary general methodology, which has rules for systematizing documents regardless of the field of knowledge, and private methods, containing principles for systematizing the literature of a specific field of knowledge, as well as certain types of documents.
Principles of the general method of systematization:
Principle of objectivity
The principle of objectivity requires a full reflection of the content of the document. For this purpose, the repeated reflection method is used. The re-reflection method is applied:
A) When the book contains 2 independent subjects;
B) When the subject being presented is considered in 2 aspects;
Documents in which more than two subjects or aspects receive a general content index of “22.”
Systematization rule for application:
Documents whose content is the application of the laws of one science to another are systematized by area of application.
Thus, the book “Safety in the confectionery industry” receives the primary index of the “confectionery production” industry. Related to this rule is the rule of preference for a particular issue over a general one.
Literature about the influence of one subject on another is given the index of the subject being influenced.
Literature about sciences that are transitional refers to those areas from the needs of which they arose. Thus, the book “Astrophysics” will receive the index “astronomy”.
Literature on the history of the industry is systematized according to industry. The exceptions are those branches of knowledge where there are ready-made signs (the dictionary of indexes already has a ready-made index of the history of the branch).
Biographical literature is also collected in industry departments, taking into account the person’s area of activity.
Ultimate result of the systematization process is to put down an index that objectively reflects the contents of the document. The index may be simple, complex or compound. A simple index contains 1 class code. A complex index consists of a combination of the main table index and typical divisions. A compound index is made up of a combination of two or more simple or complex indexes.
10. Alphabetical subject index to classification tables and systematic catalogue: commonality and differences.
The alphabetical subject index is a list of basic concepts found in the text and greatly facilitates orientation in the contents of the work, indicating where and what can be found on its pages.
To facilitate the use of a systematic catalog, an alphabetical subject index (ASU) is usually placed next to it. APU is an auxiliary apparatus, which is an alphabetical list of subject headings that reveal the content of documents reflected in a systematic catalog. Such an index is usually presented in the form of a card index. The names of subjects and questions, as well as the indexes of the corresponding sections of the systematic catalog, are written on the APU cards, arranged in alphabetical order. When formulating headings for APU, the name of the item or material can be chosen as the heading.
EXAMPLE: Gas filling cables 621.315
Capacitors 621.319
Lighting lamps 621.32
Electronic lamps 621.37
The alphabetical subject index to the CS does not use connecting or cross-references. Cards in the APU can contain one heading and a classification index or several headings, forming a narrow subject complex, united by a leading word.
EXAMPLE: Elasticity 539.3
Viscous media 532.13524
Gas 533.2
Liquids 533.2
Earth 525.12
The reference cards included in the APU explain to the reader where to look for similar literature, located in many departments.
The APU has adopted an alphabetical arrangement of headings. The organization of headings in the APU occurs using separators, which are indicated by letters and syllables. The APU is placed in boxes with labels that indicate the first and last letters or syllables of the headings placed in the box, as well as the box numbers.
To search for literature on a subject of interest, it is enough to find a card with the desired subject in the APU in order to obtain the address to the systematic catalog index of interest.
The alphabetical subject index to the classification tables is also an element of the IPL. Experienced librarians know: it is easier to update the APU and constantly develop it if it is maintained in card form. Many libraries maintain in the form of card indexes (in other words, “in card form”) the standard subheadings adopted in a particular subject catalogue. And the list of subject headings itself can be maintained both in book and card form, which allows for any additions to be made as needed.
In the APU, the names of objects and concepts are arranged in strict alphabetical order, and next to them is an index under which they can be found in the “Tables”, which helps in finding the desired category. It also shows how the same subject is presented in different branches of knowledge depending on the point of view from which it is viewed. The APU includes concepts and subjects both contained in the “Tables” and those missing from them. The system of references operating in the APU connects not only the concepts within the index, but also offers methodological solutions useful for systematization.
The technique is aimed at assessing mastery of the elements of logical thinking. It contains tasks for placing elements in a matrix composed according to two characteristics and representing a “logical multiplication” of the classification of geometric shapes by shape by their series by size. Children are asked to find the locations of individual elements in this matrix.
General instructions for conducting examinations
The examination is carried out in a separate, well-lit room. Two adults participate in the work: the one conducting the examination and an assistant who observes the children’s work and provides assistance in completing the tasks of the introductory series. At the same time, 6-10 children are checked, who are seated at separate tables to exclude the possibility of imitation and copying of decisions. The tables are arranged in such a way that adults can clearly see the work of each child.
Before the test begins, children are given well-sharpened pencils and notebooks with assignments. The adult conducting the examination has exactly the same notebooks. He uses them to explain the work offered to children. When performing tasks according to methods 1 and 4, children turn the pages simultaneously at the direction of the examiner, in other cases - independently after receiving general instructions on the method.
Children are warned that they must work independently, without consulting with friends, without looking at each other’s notebooks, and in case of difficulties or misunderstanding of the task, turn to an adult.
The total duration of work in one lesson should not exceed 40-45 minutes. Tasks that children did not have time to complete during this time are transferred to the second lesson. After completing work using one method, children are asked to put the notebook aside and take the next one. The sequence of presentation of techniques corresponds to their numbering.
When conducting a survey, it is advisable, with the help of a teacher, to select subgroups of children with approximately the same speed of completing tasks. If a child cannot cope with the general pace of work or refuses to do it, it is recommended to conduct an individual examination.
It should also be taken into account that the methods are standardized on children attending Moscow kindergartens. Therefore, the assessment received by a child brought up in other conditions speaks only about the ratio of the level of his mental development to the level of development of his peers from Moscow kindergartens and has no absolute significance.
Methodology "Learning activities"
It is aimed at identifying specific skills that serve as prerequisites for educational activities: the ability to subordinate one’s actions to a certain rule, to listen and accurately follow the instructions of an adult.
Material
A notebook consisting of four pages. Each page shows
3 rows of small geometric shapes measuring 2 x 2 mm. The top row consists of triangles, the middle row consists of circles, and the bottom row consists of squares. The figures of the top and bottom rows are located one under the other, the middle - in the spaces between them (see. rice. 1b). At the top of the first page there is, in addition, a short strip of these figures, on which a sample of the pattern is given ( rice. 1A).
Rice. 1. Material for tasks in the “Learning Activity” methodology (a - sample pattern for the first page, b - material for completing tasks)
Children are asked to draw several patterns under dictation, connecting geometric shapes according to three specific rules. The first page is intended for children to become familiar with the rules and learn to draw under the dictation of an adult.
Instructions
The children are told: “We will learn to draw a pattern. You have rows of triangles, squares and circles drawn on a piece of paper. You will connect triangles and squares to create a pattern. You must listen carefully and do what I say. We will have the following three rules: 1) two triangles, two squares or a square with a triangle can only be connected through a circle; 2) the pattern line should go only forward; 3) each new connection must be started from the figure on which the line stopped, then the line will be continuous and there will be no gaps in the pattern. Look on the piece of paper to see how you can connect triangles and squares. (The children's attention is drawn to the sample.) Now learn to connect yourself. Look at the bottom stripe. Connect two squares, a square with a triangle, two triangles, a triangle with a square.”
During the learning process, children make 4 connections, and the adult checks the completion of the task and, if necessary, corrects mistakes and explains to the child what he made a mistake. After this, the children are told: “Now you will draw on another piece of paper. You must listen carefully and connect the figures that I will name, but do not forget about the rules. (The connection rules are repeated.) If you make a mistake, do not correct the mistake, but start with the next figure.” The adult dictates to the children the sequence of connecting the figures slowly, but without repeating the same thing twice. The first series is followed by the second and third, which differ only in the nature of the pattern (see. rice. 2).
Rice. 2. Samples of correct completion of tasks of the “Learning Activity” methodology (a - introductory series, b - first series, c - second series, d - third series)
Errors can be of two types. The first type is associated with inaccurate implementation of dictation instructions: connection elements are incorrectly selected, some connections are repeated, and individual elements are omitted. Errors of the second type are made by violating the rules: connecting figures bypassing the circle, “gaps” between connections, connecting figures located one below the other.
This technique reveals the child’s progress in mastering the prerequisites of educational activity, which is expressed in the gradual improvement of the skills necessary to complete the task. For a more differentiated description of such skills, it is necessary to turn to the analysis of the mistakes made by the child.
The method of systematization is associated with the division of the phenomena under study (based on the objectives of the study) and selected criteria into populations characterized by a certain commonality and distinctive features.
A system is a set of elements that are in relationships and connections with each other and form a certain integrity, unity.
A system is most often considered as a tool, a way to study phenomena and processes, and in this case it is associated with the concept of a model. It is also considered as a complex of processes and phenomena, as well as connections between them, existing objectively. The task of this complex is to isolate a given system from the environment, establish its inputs and outputs, analyze its structure, and identify the functioning mechanism. Often, the method of systematization is considered as a certain technique associated with classification, typology, concentration, etc.
An important feature of effective work is quick access to the necessary resources. If the work requires information equipment, then it is necessary to provide for an easy, quick search for information, as well as systematization of new information.
The primary and most important stage of many business processes occurring in any organization is systematization of information. Thanks to carefully carried out systematization of information, it is possible to achieve high results in the process of optimizing office work, as well as in saving company money and employee working time. Without preliminary systematization of information, it is impossible to imagine such important business processes as document flow, office work, the creation of material and electronic archives, and the creation of various databases.
Systematization of information includes:
Methods of searching and accumulating information;
Classification and indexing of information;
Methods of accessing information;
Methods of presenting information;
Processing requests for information searches.
Information can be organized in one of two main ways:
Structured information;
Information in the form of free text;
Structuring refers to the consistent systematization of information. Standard formats are used for this. Format- This is an empty form in which information is entered. The information may be written down on paper or in a word processor, or as input data may be placed into a database program.
The standard format is made up of sections of information called fields. The result of the completed format is recording.
A database is a collection of records organized in such a way as to facilitate retrieval of a particular record or a series of related records, or of certain information contained in those records. Another characteristic of a good database is the ability to produce previously recorded data in a variety of ways: in terms of content (from a minimal set to comprehensive information) and in terms of the form in which the output data will be presented.
Systematization of information means a kind of classification of all documents of the organization into various groups. Each company chooses for itself the most convenient method of systematizing information, one or another type of classification (or a combination of such types). Most often, all company documentation is distributed in accordance with nominal, subject, thematic, chronological, author and archival classification. Nominal systematization - distribution of documents by their type (invoices, contracts, orders, etc.); subject - according to the document’s relevance to any specific case; thematic - on a general topic; chronological systematization of information - distribution of documents by the date of their creation; author's - by the name of the author of the document; archival - according to the storage period of documentation.
Systematization of information involves the processing of information in order to bring it to a certain form and the interpretation of information, allowing the individual to react in a certain way to the information received. Processing information arranges it in a certain order, gives it certain completed forms, which fills the information with a certain meaning and significance. Information processing creates images, forms that a person can recognize and which are understood in a certain way. In this case, the process of reducing a complex of information signals to simplified synthesized images and categories occurs.
There are three general rules for processing information that allow you to reduce it to images:
Establishing the relationship between figure and background;
Completion of images;
Establishing similarity and approximation.
When establishing the relationship between figure and background in the general “picture” of information, what is the “figure” is highlighted, i.e. the meaning of the picture, its image. Accordingly, what is not a figure turns into a background. Often the figure stands out clearly. However, there are situations where the background can be perceived as a figure, and the figure can be seen as the background. In this case, the processed information can turn into a completely different image and take on a completely different meaning.
Completing images allows you to create a complete image from individual parts, even if there is not enough information to do this. Often this process of information processing can lead to the creation of incorrect images and incorrect interpretation of the behavior of others, as well as give rise to an individual's incorrect interpretation of the influences coming to him from the organizational environment.
Establishing similarity and approximation leads to the fact that, firstly, based on individual elements and characteristic features, it is possible to identify from the total amount of information individual images and forms that have certain generalizing features. Secondly, this principle of information processing is manifested in the fact that various images and, accordingly, phenomena are grouped into certain generalized groups by smoothing out or ignoring the individual characteristics of each phenomenon.
Systematization of information by a person is carried out in two ways. The first method is logical processing of information. This method is characterized by systematic and sequential transformation of information based on logical operations. This is the so-called scientific way of processing information. But a person not only logically processes information, bringing it to a state that allows him to carry out actions in response to received influences from the environment. A person also processes information using feelings, preferences, emotions, and beliefs. In this case, information is processed according to the principles “I like - I don’t like”, “I like - I don’t like”, “good - bad”, “better - worse”, “acceptable - unacceptable”, etc.
Perception is a very complex, multifaceted and fast-flowing process. It is wrong to think that the phases of selection, processing and evaluation are strictly demarcated and follow one another in a clearly defined form and according to an unambiguous pattern. The search for solutions can be based on various types of information. For ease of use, it is important to provide various options for presenting information, or forms of presenting information.
Let's consider several typical types of information systematization.
Nominal systematization represents the distribution of information by document type - contracts, invoices, acts, orders, etc.
Subject systematization- distribution of information according to the content of documents: for example, documents related to the construction of object No. are sent to one folder, and to another - with the construction of object No. 2.
Chronological systematization information groups documents according to certain time frames - for example, all accounting documentation for 2008 is stored in “this” folder. A fairly popular type of systematization is the classification of documents by author or group of authors. Mandatory for use in archives is expert systematization of information, distributing documents according to their storage periods. After the process of systematizing information, a nomenclature of cases is compiled - a list of document names, a kind of reference book. All documents are then indexed.
Systematization of information applies to both material (paper) documents and electronic ones. Compiling a classification of paper documents, the subsequent creation of a nomenclature of cases and indexing are labor-intensive processes that require special skills, the implementation of which should be left to professionals. In computer programs - “Electronic Archives” - the process of systematizing information occurs automatically, according to specified parameters, but also requires extreme care and accuracy.
Systematization of documents is carried out in order to provide users with the ability to more easily find the necessary documents. In documentation centers, two main actions are performed at this stage - cataloging and physical storage of documents.
Cataloging, in turn, also consists of several steps:
Bibliographic description;
Description of the contents of the document;
Assign a location indicator to the document.
Definition 1
Methods of information systematization are methods of organizing the information objects under study into a specific system based on some criterion.
Systematization of information
To effectively solve problems, a quick system of access to the necessary information data is required. That is, first of all, it is necessary to ensure optimal data search and, in addition, it is necessary to systematize newly received information. The main initial stage of most business projects, regardless of the field of activity of the enterprise, is considered to be the systematization of information. Well-executed systematization of information allows you to get excellent results when setting up production and, in addition, provides significant savings in the company’s finances and the efforts of its employees. The process of systematizing information should include:
- Methodology for collecting and accumulating information data.
- The operation of classifying and indexing data.
- Methods of access to information resources.
- Methods for presenting information data.
- Methods for processing information search requests.
There are two ways to organize information:
- Organizing information in the form of a clear structure (structured information).
- Organizing an information array in the form of plain text.
Definition 2
Structuring is a sequence of operations to systematize information. To accomplish this, standard formats are used.
The format refers to a clean form for entering information.
Information data may be recorded on paper, or in a word processor file, or as input data placed in a database.
The standard format has sections of information called fields. The result of filling out the format will be a completed form, called a record.
A database is a collection of records that is organized to facilitate the retrieval of a particular record or a number of related records, or the necessary information contained in such records. A distinctive feature of the right databases is their ability to provide once recorded data in different forms (in terms of content - from a small amount to an exhaustive set of information, and the form of their presentation can also be different, as needed by the user).
Systematization of information implies, in a sense, classification of the entire document flow of the company into different subgroups. Each company can choose the most suitable method for systematizing information, classification principles (or a set of these principles). Most often, all company documents are divided according to nominal, subject, thematic, chronological, author and archival classifications:
- Nominal systematization means the division of documentation by its type (invoice, agreement, order, and so on).
- Subject systematization refers to the belonging of documents to a specific area.
- Thematic systematization refers to the general subject of documents.
- Chronological systematization of information means the division of documents according to the dates of their appearance.
- Author systematization means division by names of authors of documents.
- Archival systematization means a division according to the storage period of a document.
Basic methods of information systematization
Systematization of information implies its processing to form a certain type of information, as well as the interpretation of information, which allows each user to correctly perceive the information received. The processed information is arranged according to certain rules and has a completely completed format, which gives it logical meaning and meaning. When processing information, complete images are formed that people are able to recognize and understand correctly. All this is accompanied by the process of reducing a set of information signals to some simple figurative categories.
There are three rules for how to process information in order to obtain images:
- It is necessary to establish the correct ratio of figures and background information.
- The images need to be completed.
- It is necessary to establish approximation and similarity.
When forming the balance of figure and background in an information picture, it is necessary to highlight, in fact, the figure, that is, the main meaning of the picture (image). And of course, what is not a figure becomes the background. Most often, a figure can be identified very simply, but there are cases when there are no clear boundaries between the figure and the background. Then there is a possibility that after processing the information, it can radically change its image, and accordingly will have a different semantic meaning. Sometimes the procedure for processing information can lead to the formation of incorrect (false) images and incorrect interpretation of the actions of other people and, in addition, cause a person to misunderstand the actions coming towards him from the external environment.
People usually organize information in two ways:
- Method of information processing based on logic. It is based on the systematic and sequential transformation of information based on logic operations. This method is also called scientific information processing. But people are capable of not only logical processing of information, which allows them to perform adequate response actions when receiving external influences.
- Method of processing information at the level of feelings. A person’s emotional reactions predetermine the processing of information based on the concepts, I love - I don’t like, bad - good, and so on.
Human perception of the world around us is in many ways an ambiguous, rather complex and fast-flowing process. It is wrong to imagine that the stages of collecting, processing and identifying information are clearly separated and follow each other in a strictly defined format and according to a single structure. Making a decision is based on different types of information.
Upon completion of the test
Purpose of the test: help students master in practice the rules of general and specific methodologies of systematization.
Literature To complete the test, the literature recommended for the course as a whole is used.
Exercise 1. Select examples (2 documents) for each rule of the general method of systematization (documents selected for one rule should relate to different branches of knowledge). Guided by the rules of the general methodology for systematizing documents, indicate the correct classification decision and formulate a subject heading.
| Rule of general method of systematization | Bibliographic description and background annotation | Methodology of systematization | Classification decision (full index) | Subject heading |
| 1. Attribution to the industry | ||||
| 2. Preference for the particular over the general | ||||
| 3. Re-reflection of literature | ||||
| 4. According to the aspect of consideration | ||||
| 5. By area of application | ||||
| 6. By object of influence | ||||
| 7. General rubric rule | ||||
| 8. Books covering the history of science | ||||
| 9.Rule of reflection of personalities | ||||
| 10. Rule of reflection of local history literature |
* A reference annotation is compiled if it is not possible to accurately determine from the bibliographic description of a document those characteristics of the document that are necessary to make the correct classification decision.
Task 2. Guided by the rules of general and specific methods for systematizing documents, indicate the correct classification solutions (justify the choice of methodological solution) and formulate subject headings using the proposed examples (each student is given his own version of the examples).
Option 1.
1. “UFO: myths and reality”
2. “Repair manual for agricultural tractors”
3. “Biography of H. Columbus”
4. “Internet: tutorial”
6. “Fundamentals of Management: Textbook for Universities”
7. Shakespeare V. “Romeo and Juliet”
8. “Logic problems”
9. “Prevention of cardiovascular diseases in children 5-6 years old”
10. “Culturology: encyclopedia”
Option 2.
1. “Environmental education at school”
2. “French mathematicians of the 19th century”
3. “Construction of gas pipelines in Russia”
4. "Radioactive elements"
5. "France: travel guide"
6. “Diseases of foals”
7. “Sociology of the family: textbook”
8. “V.V. Zhirinovsky: about himself and about everyone"
9. “Life of V.-A. Mozart"
10. “Traditional medicine recipes”
Option 3.
1. “Magnetic field theory”
2. “Problems of modern genetics”
3. “Equipment of machine-building plants: reference book”
4. “Mass culture: monograph”
5. “Beautiful and ugly as categories of aesthetics: a textbook for universities”
6. "Battle of Stalingrad"
7. “Moonts of Jupiter”
8. “Shaping: tips for beginners”
9. Belinsky V.G. "Critical articles on Russian literature"
10. “Education and training of dogs”
Option 4.
1. “Ecological disasters”
2. “Production of lipstick”
3. “Chemical properties of polymers”
4. “All about myopia”
5. “Culture of Kievan Rus”
6. “Teaching history in high school”
7. “Accounting and reporting”
8. “Isaac Levitan: album”
9. “Club institutions in Russia in 2009: review”
10. "France: guide"
Option 5.
1. “Greening of highways”
2. “Strength of materials: a textbook for universities”
3. “Properties of arsenic”
4. “Human Immunity”
5. “Philosophy of culture: a textbook for universities”
6. “Symbols of the Russian state: coat of arms, flag, anthem”
7. “Organization of a systematic catalog in libraries”
8. “Russian battle painting”
9. “Comments on the Family Code”
10. “Informatization of Russian society”
Option 6.
1. “Reproduction of Canada’s natural resources”
2. “Algebra: textbook for 6th grade of high school”
3. “Traditional Chinese cuisine”
4. A. Borodin: chemist and composer"
5. “Political parties of modern Russia”
6. “Art museums of St. Petersburg”
7. Marinina A. “I died yesterday” (novel)
8. "Russian Orthodox Church"
9. “Bashkir folk traditional costume”
10. “Use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of liver cirrhosis”
Option 7.
1. “Traditional clothes of Ukrainians”
2. “Therapeutic gymnastics”
3. “Fundamentals of economic theory: textbook”
4. “Zodiac Signs”
5. “Protection of metals from corrosion”
6. “Growing roses in the Urals”
7. “How to conduct a sociological study”
8. “The most famous volcanoes on the planet”
9. “Secrets of theatrical makeup: a guide for professionals”
10. "London: a guide"
Option 8.
1. “Biryusa refrigerator: repair manual”
2. “Water cycle in nature”
3. “Sociology of culture”
4. “Atomic nucleus: structure and properties”
5. “Feudal fragmentation of Russian principalities”
6. “Choral Dictionary”
7. “Philosophers of Ancient Greece”
8. “Balls of the Pushkin era”
9. Pushkin A.S. "Selected Prose Works"
10. “Diseases of garden strawberries”
Option 9.
1. “Solar and lunar eclipses”
2. “Space and medicine: collection of articles”
3. “Youth political organizations of modern Russia”
4. “National economy of Russia in 2002: statistical reference book”
5. “Methods and techniques of soil cultivation”
6. “Mushrooms of the Ural forest: encyclopedia”
7. “Kukryniksy: album”
8. “New in BBK: collection of articles”
9. “Management in social and cultural institutions: a textbook for universities of culture and art”
10. “Ancient philosophy: course of lectures”
Option 10.
1. “Development of oil fields”
2. “Periodic system D.I. Mendeleev"
3. “Teaching social sciences at university”
4. “Description of the Marshes of England”
5. “Solar and Lunar Eclipses”
6. “The Slave Revolt Led by Spartacus”
7. “Criminal Code”
8. “Russian Baroque Architects”
9. “Current issues in dentistry”
10. “Programming languages”
Option 11.
1. “EMERCOM of Russia yesterday and today”
2. “Psychology of sports”
3. “Peoples of the Caucasus: reference book”
4. “Parks of culture and recreation in Perm”
5. “Ballroom dancing of the Pushkin era”
6. “Integers and Fractions”
7. “Lighting the streets of a modern city”
8. “Moscow Botanical Gardens”
9. “Nobel Laureates 2004”
10. “Military field surgery: textbook”
Option 12.
1. “History of Russian zoos”
2. “From the history of Russian awards of the 17th century. XX century"
3. "Totalitarian sects"
4. “The evolution of Russian folk tales”
5. “The Work of Nikolai Baskov”
6. “France during the Great French Revolution”
7. “Optical instruments: reference book”
8. Tolstoy L.N. "War and Peace"
9. “Technologies for conducting election campaigns in Russia”
10. “Innovation management: textbook”
Option 13.
1. “The best cheeses in Germany”
2. “Caves of South America”
3. “Improvement and landscaping of urban courtyards in modern cities”
4. “Anarchism in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century”
5. “The best Russian comedies”
6. “Encyclopedia of the Olympic Games”
7. “The Greatest Battles of the Great Patriotic War”
8. “Novels by A.N. Tolstoy"
9. “Dymkovo toy: encyclopedia”
10. “Sanatoriums and resorts of the Krasnodar region: reference book”
Option 14.
1. “History of Russian journalism”
2. “M.S. Gorbachev and perestroika"
3. “Walking tourism”
4. “Newfoundland: advice for beginning dog owners”
5. “The most fashionable diets”
6. “Production of Christmas tree decorations”
7. “Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Astronomer”
8. “Private security agencies in Russia”
9. “Guide to the production of upholstered furniture”
10. “Writers of Russian Abroad: Dictionary-Reference Book”
Option 15.
1. “Geometry of Lobachevsky”
2. “Production of newspapers and magazines”
3. "Hunting in Africa"
4. "Bartholomew's Night"
5. “Interior of a country house”
6. “Writers of the Italian Renaissance: a textbook”
7. “Russian Orthodox holidays”
8. “ABC of business communication”
9. “Ecology of the World Ocean”
10. “Life of K.S. Stanislavsky"
Option 16.
1. “Production of iron and steel in Russia”
2. “Higher mathematics: a textbook for universities”
3. “Business Ethics”
4. “Life and work of V.-A. Mozart"
5. “Westerners and Slavophiles”
6. “Teaching children in kindergartens”
7. “Libraries of Medieval Europe”
8. Dumas A. “The Three Musketeers”
9. “Growing cacti at home”
10. “Health insurance for Russian citizens”
Option 17.
1. “Goats: breeding and care”
2. “The Anglo-Boer War: based on archival materials”
3. “Private entrepreneurship in Russia”
4. “Gender analysis of Russian society”
5. “Boyar Duma of Ancient Rus'”
6. “Human genetics: workshop for universities”
7. “200 scientific biographies: a biographical dictionary”
8. “Monastic libraries of medieval France”
9. Bunin I. “Antonov apples”
10. “Stylish hairstyles: advice from a professional”
Option 18.
1. “Political parties of European countries: reference book”
2. “Silver coins of the Russian Empire. 1801-1917 : reference book"
3. "UN Armed Forces"
4. “Peat deposits of Western Siberia”
5. “Chemical composition of human blood”
6. “Body of scientific and technical information: student”
7. “Philatelic Dictionary”
8. “Children’s library today: collection of articles”
9. “The Golden Ring of Russia: a guide”
10. “Local government and self-government bodies: a collection of normative and methodological materials”
Task 3. Prepare a dictionary of basic terms for the course, indicating the source of interpretation of each term:
Alphabet notation
Alphabetical subject index (to the systematic catalogue)
Analytical-synthetic processing
Indexing base
Library processing
Bibliographic processing
Descriptor
Descriptive information retrieval language
Subject Heading
Information request
Library User Request
Hierarchical classification structure
Classification index
Combined index
Index simple
Index complex
Composite index
Indexing
Letter indexing
Uniform indexing
Mixed indexing
Digital indexing
Indexing
Classification indexing
Coordinate indexing
Subject indexing
Information classification system
Information retrieval language (IRL)
Library catalog
Subject catalog
Systematic catalog
Electronic catalog
General catalog
Summary catalog
Service directory
Central catalog
Cataloging
Classification entry
Classification structure
Classification division
Classification information retrieval language
Classification feature
Decimal classification
Hierarchical classification
Combined classification
Industry classification
Enumerative classification
Specialized classification
Universal classification
Faceted classification
Keyword
Class code
Class code digital
Lexical unit of information retrieval language
Name of classification division
Letter notation
The notation is homogeneous
Notation mixed
Digital notation
Class Description
Determinant
General determinant
Special qualifier
Search prescription
Search image
Search document image
Search query image
Information need
Subject formula
Subject information retrieval language
Subjectification
Leading word of the subject heading
Subtitle of the subject heading
Systematization (classification systematization)
Basic classification table
Auxiliary classification table
Classification table
Typical division
Typical division general
Typical division special
Keyword language
To complete task No. 3 you should use:
· GOST 7.73-96. Search and dissemination of information. Terms and definition.
· GOST 7.74-96. information retrieval languages. Terms and Definitions.
· GOST 7.76-96. Collection of documents. Bibliography. Cataloging. Terms and definition.
· GOST 7.0-99. Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and Definitions.
Questions for the course exam for students
Correspondence department
2. Information retrieval language: definition, purpose, requirements, types.
3. Structure of IPYA. Types of relationships that arise in the IPL.
4. Classification IPL: concept, types, structure.
5. Characteristics of pre-coordinate type IP.
6. Systematization as a type of document indexing: essence, goals, methodology.
7. Theoretical foundations of document classification. Types of library and bibliographic classifications by structure.
8. World library and bibliographic classifications used until the last third of the 19th century: stages of formation, directions of development.
9. Development of classification systems of documents in Russia (until the middle of the 20th century).
10. Library and bibliographic classifications of the last third of the 19th century: “Decimal Classification” by M. Dewey and “Extensible Classification” by C. Ketter.
11. The largest library and bibliographic classifications of the twentieth century (in Russia and abroad).
12. UDC: history of creation, fundamentals of construction, development, distribution. UDC in Russia.
13. Domestic BBK: history of creation, theoretical foundations of construction, current state.
14. Options for BBK tables. Directions for improving LBC tables, development prospects.
15. Structure of the LBC. Characteristics of the main parts of the BBK.
16. UDC and BBK: comparative analysis.
17. General methodology for systematizing documents on the LBC.
18. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents in the natural sciences.
19. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on technology and technical sciences.
20. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on agricultural topics.
21. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on medicine.
22. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents in history and historical sciences.
23. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on economics and economic sciences.
24. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on sociology, demography, statistics and politics.
25. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on law, legal sciences and military affairs.
26. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents of the 7th department of the LBC, except for pedagogy.
27. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on pedagogy.
28. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents in linguistics.
29. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents in literary studies and fiction.
30. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on art.
31. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents on religion, philosophy, philosophical sciences, psychology.
32. Features of the methodology for systematizing documents of universal content.
33. Systematic catalogue: general characteristics.
34. Methodology for organizing a systematic catalogue.
35. Subject identification of documents as an integral part of ASPI: essence, goals, applications. Requirements for itemization.
36. General methodology for identifying documents.
38. Subject catalogue: general characteristics, methods of organization.
39. Coordinate indexing of documents as an integral part of ASPI: essence, goals, applications. Requirements for coordinate indexing.
40. Electronic catalogue: general characteristics, methods of organization.
Regulations:
1. GOST 7.0-99. Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and definitions // Standards for library and information activities / compiled by: T. V. Zakharchuk, O. M. Zusman. – St. Petersburg, 2003. – pp. 11–38.
2. GOST 7.59-2003. Indexing documents. General requirements for systematization and subjectization // School of indexing: practical work. allowance / E. R. Sukiasyan. – Moscow, 2005. – pp. 105–112. – (Librarian and time. XXI century; issue 39).
3. GOST 7.66-92. Indexing documents. General requirements for coordinate indexing // School of indexing: practical work. allowance / E. R. Sukiasyan. – Moscow, 2005. – pp. 113–123. – (Librarian and time. XXI century; issue 39).
4. GOST 7.74-96. Information retrieval languages. Terms and definition // Standards in librarianship: collection / compiled by: T. V. Zakharchuk [et al.]. – St. Petersburg., 2000. – P. 376–410.
5. GOST 7.76-96. Collection of documents. Bibliography. Cataloging. Terms and definition // Standards in librarianship: collection / compiled by: T. V. Zakharchuk [et al.]. – St. Petersburg, 2000. – P. 411–462.
6. Library and bibliographic classification: working tables. for wt. b-k. – Moscow: Liberea, 1997. – 688 p.
7. Library and bibliographic classification: Average tables: practical. allowance / Ros. state b-ka, Ros. national b-ka, b-ka Academician. Sci. – Moscow: Liberea, 2001 – 2007. – Issue. 1–3.
8. Library and bibliographic classification: Average tables: practical. allowance. Add. issue Tables of typical divisions of general use / Ros. state b-ka, Ros. national B-ka, B-ka acad. Sci. – Moscow: Liberea, 2003. – 256 p.
9. Library and bibliographic classification. Average tables: practical. allowance. Vol. 4.: 7 Hours. Culture. The science. Enlightenment / [N. E. Vasilyeva and others; ed. N. E. Vasilyeva, N. N. Golodnova; Ch. ed. LBC E.R. Sukiasyan]. – Moscow: Pashkov House, 2011. – 330, p. – Alpha-subject decree: p. 217-330.
10. Russian cataloging rules = Russian cataloguing rules / [N. N. Kasparova and others] ; Ross. bib. assoc., Interregion. Cataloging Committee; Ross. state b-ka. – 2nd ed., rev. – Moscow: Pashkov House: RSL, 2008. – 660, p.
Main
11. Zakharchuk, T. V. Analytical and synthetic processing of information: educational and practical work. allowance / T. V. Zakharchuk, I. P. Kuznetsova. – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2011.
12. Bibliographer’s reference book / scientific. ed. A. N. Vaneev, V. A. Minkina. – 3rd ed., rev. and additional – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2006. – 592 p. - (Library).
13. Sukiasyan, E. R. New tables of Library and Bibliographic Classification: organization and technology of use: method. recommendations / E. R. Sukiasyan; RSL. – Moscow: Liberia-Bibinform, 2005. – 96 p.
Additional
14. Zuparova, L. B. Analytical and synthetic processing of information: textbook / L. B. Zuparova, T. A. Zaitseva. – Moscow: FAIR, 2007. – 400 p. – (Specialized publishing project for libraries).
15. Serebryannikova, T. O. Subjectification of documents: educational and practical work. allowance / T. O. Serebryannikova. – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2012. – 128 p. - (Library).
16. Sukiasyan, E. R. Cataloging and classification. Electronic catalogs and automated library systems: favorites. Art. / E. R. Sukiasyan. – St. Petersburg: Profession, 2010. – 535 p. - (Library). - Decree. name: s. 527-532
17. Sukiasyan, E. R. New tables of Library and Bibliographic Classification: Organization and technology of use: method. recommendations / E. R. Sukiasyan; Ross. state b-ka, Scientific research. BBK development center. – Moscow: Liberia, 2003. – 95 p.
18. Sukiasyan, E. R. School of indexing: practical work. allowance / E. R. Sukiasyan. – Moscow: Liberea-Bibinform, 2005. – 144 p. – (Librarian and time. XXI century; issue 39).
19. Functional requirements for bibliographic records: final report / Ros. bib. association; Ross. state b-ka; [transl. from English V. V. Arefiev; scientific ed.: T. A. Bakhturina, N. N. Kasparova, N. Yu. Kulygina]. – Moscow: Pashkov House, 2008. – 166 p.
Annex 1
Rules for the general methodology for systematizing documents
